Tag Archives: Selling

Forex Trading Articles

Understanding Forex Buying And Selling

As the day by day transaction volumes crossed $3 trillion mark, much more and far more people today are marching ahead to join the bandwagon. Foreign exchange market is remarkably speculative and volatile. To generate a handsome earnings from the market place you would need some equipment that will help you to be a successful forex trading trader. Automated forex investing is 1 these kinds of weapon which is powerful nonetheless straightforward.

If you have some prior practical knowledge of forex trading investing and if you are knowledgeable of technical and basic analyses and the indicators made on foundation of them, you know how significant they are for your foreign exchange trading. You must be constantly monitoring them in purchase to come to a decision on the trades, when to enter or exit, which federal information release is likely to generate a enormous desire for JPY, and so forth. At moments, they turn out to be so entangled and complex that you may possibly become baffled on taking the correct determination. An automated forex trading buying and selling platform in this predicament can be of great assist. As the trading platforms are made on the foundation of algorithms that have many compact logical apps, they get selections based on the interrelated factors that as a entire affect the current market.

New investors ought to have recognized by now how challenging it can be to trade forex trading optimally for earning a decent earnings. If you add to this the spherical-the-clock working hrs, overlapping of much more than a single main buying and selling market place hrs, and the particularly unstable current market situation, automated foreign exchange investing looks to be only viable solution. In handbook trading a slight time delay might lead to sequence of losses. Foreign exchange automated investing with autopilots like Forex Tracer, Forex trading Killer, or Foreign exchange Raptor can thoroughly do away with these losses. Threat management will become less difficult with automated foreign exchange investing, in particular with several trades. Automated investing systems have obvious settlement process with which you know the payment will be designed after the trade is completed.

With automated trading you can make investments in forex sitting at your residence. You can open up a mini account or a traditional account and trade according to your level of knowledge, never ever stepping out of your room. Automated forex trading buying and selling single-handedly revolutionized the trade by opening it to medium and compact traders, which was till handful of a long time back confined to a domain of large financial institutions and financial institutes. Application like Fx Tracer or Forex trading Raptor took out the headache from forex trading. Although you do will need no distinct ability to run automated forex trading investing software program, simple awareness of the market place would be advantageous. If you use frequent sensation with meticulous precision, computer software like Fx Tracer will surely help you in improving your income.

The Foreign Exchange current market, also referred to as the “Forex trading” or “Forex” sector, is the most significant fiscal industry in the planet, with a daily common turnover of very well over US $1 trillion – thirty occasions larger than the combined quantity of all U.S. equity markets. The phrase Foreign exchange is derived from the words FOReign Trade.

Spot and Ahead Foreign Trade

General Business

Selling Your Business- Deal Structure And Taxes

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The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the importance of the tax impact in the sale of your business. As an M&A intermediary and member of the IBBA, International Business Brokers Association, we recognize our responsibility to recommend that our clients use attorneys and tax accountants for independent advice on transactions.

As a general rule, buyers of businesses have already completed several transactions. They have a process and are surrounded by a team of experienced mergers and acquisitions professionals. Sellers on the other hand, sell a business only one time. Their “team” consists of their outside counsel who does general business law and their accountant who does their books and tax filings. It is important to note that the seller’s team may have little or no experience in a business sale transaction.

Another general rule is that a deal structure that favors a buyer from the tax perspective normally is detrimental to the seller’s tax situation and vice versa. For example, in allocating the purchase price in an asset sale, the buyer wants the fastest write-off possible. From a tax standpoint he would want to allocate as much of the transaction value to a consulting contract for the seller and equipment with a short depreciation period.

A consulting contract is taxed to the seller as earned income, generally the highest possible tax rate. The difference between the depreciated tax basis of equipment and the amount of the purchase price allocated is taxed to the seller at the seller’s ordinary income tax rate. This is generally the second highest tax rate (no FICA due on this vs. earned income). The seller would prefer to have more of the purchase price allocated to goodwill, personal goodwill, and going concern value.

The seller would be taxed at the more favorable individual capital gains rates for gains in these categories. An individual that was in the 40% income tax bracket would pay capital gains at a 20% rate. Note: an asset sale of a business will normally put a seller into the highest income tax bracket.

The buyer’s write-off period for goodwill, personal goodwill, and going concern value is fifteen years. This is far less desirable than the one or two years of expense “write-off” for a consulting agreement.

Another very important issue for tax purposes is whether the sale is a stock sale or an asset sale. Buyers generally prefer asset sales and sellers generally prefer stock sales. In an asset sale the buyer gets to take a step-up in basis for machinery and equipment. Let’s say that the seller’s depreciated value for the machinery and equipment were $600,000. FMV and purchase price allocation were $1.25 million.

Under a stock sale the buyer inherits the historical depreciation structure for write-off. In an asset sale the buyer establishes the $1.25 million (stepped up value) as his basis for depreciation and gets the advantage of bigger write-offs for tax purposes.

The seller prefers a stock sale because the entire gain is taxed at the more favorable long-term capital gains rate. For an asset sale a portion of the gains will be taxed at the less favorable income tax rates. In the example above, the seller’s tax liability for the machinery and equipment gain in an asset sale would be 40% of the $625,000 gain or $250,000. In a stock sale the tax liability for the same gain associated with the machinery and equipment is 20% of $625,000, or $125,000.

The form of the seller’s organization, for example C Corp, S Corp, or LLC are important to consider in a business sale. In a C Corp vs. an S Corp and LLC, the gains are subject to double taxation. In a C Corp sale the gain from the sale of assets is taxed at the corporate income tax rate. The remaining proceeds are distributed to the shareholders and the difference between the liquidation proceeds and the stockholder stock basis are taxed at the individual’s long-term capital gains rate.

The gains have been taxed twice reducing the individual’s after-tax proceeds. An S Corp or LLC sale results in gains being taxed only once using the tax profile of the individual stockholder.

Selling your business – tax consideration checklist:

1.Get good tax and legal counsel when you establish the initial form of your business – C Corp, S Corp, or LLC etc.

2.If you establish a C Corp, retain ownership of all appreciating assets outside of the corporation (land and buildings, patents, trademarks, franchise rights). Note: in a C Corp sale, there are no long-term capital gains tax rates only income tax rates. Long-term capital gains can only offset long-term capital losses. Personal assets sales can have favorable long-term capital gains treatment and you avoid double taxation for these assets with big gains.

3.Look first at the economics of the sales transaction and secondly at the tax structure.

4.Make sure your professional support team has deal making experience.

5.Before you take your business to the market, work with your professionals to understand your tax characteristics and how various deal structures will impact the after-tax sale proceeds

6.Before you complete your sales transaction work with a financial planning or tax planning professional to determine if there are strategies you can employ to defer or eliminate the payment of taxes.

7.Recognize that as a general rule your desire to “cash out” and receive all proceeds from your sale immediately will increase your tax liability.

8.Get your professionals involved early and keep them involved in analyzing various bids to determine your best offer.

Again, the purpose of this article was not to offer you tax advice (which I am not qualified to do). It was to alert you to the huge potential impact that the deal structure and taxes can have on the economics of your sales transaction and the importance of involving the right legal and tax professionals.

General Business

Tax Consequences Of Selling A Business

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The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the importance of the tax impact in the sale of your business. As an M&A intermediary and member of the IBBA, International Business Brokers Association, we recognize our responsibility to recommend that you consult your attorneys and tax accountants for specific advice on your business sale transaction.

As a general rule, buyers of businesses have already completed several transactions. They have a process and are surrounded by a team of experienced mergers and acquisitions professionals. Sellers on the other hand, sell a business only one time. Their “team” consists of their outside counsel who does general business law and their accountant who does their books and tax filings. It is important to note that the seller’s team may have little or no experience in a business sale transaction.

Another general rule is that a deal structure that favors a buyer from the tax perspective normally is detrimental to the seller’s tax situation and vice versa. For example, in allocating the purchase price in an asset sale, the buyer wants the fastest write-off possible. From a tax standpoint he would want to allocate as much of the transaction value to a consulting contract for the seller and equipment with a short depreciation period.

A consulting contract is taxed to the seller as earned income, generally the highest possible tax rate. The difference between the depreciated tax basis of equipment and the amount of the purchase price allocated in an asset sale structure is taxed to the seller at the seller’s ordinary income tax rate. This is generally the second highest tax rate (no FICA due on this vs. earned income).

The seller would prefer to have more of the purchase price allocated to goodwill, personal goodwill, and going concern value.

The seller would be taxed at the more favorable individual capital gains rates for gains in these categories with an S Corp, LLC, Partnership, or Sole Proprietorship structure. An individual that was in the 40% income tax bracket would pay capital gains at a 20% rate. Note: an asset sale of a business will normally put a seller into the highest income tax bracket.

The buyer’s write-off period for goodwill, personal goodwill, and going concern value is fifteen years. This is far less desirable than the one or two years of expense “write-off” for a consulting agreement.
Another very important issue for tax purposes is whether the sale is a stock sale or an asset sale. Buyers generally prefer asset sales and sellers generally prefer stock sales. In an asset sale the buyer gets to take a step-up in basis for machinery and equipment.

Let’s say that the seller’s depreciated value for the machinery and equipment were $600,000. FMV and purchase price allocation were $1.25 million. Under a stock sale the buyer inherits the historical depreciation structure for write-off. In an asset sale the buyer establishes the $1.25 million (stepped up value) as his basis for depreciation and gets the advantage of bigger write-offs for tax purposes.

The seller prefers a stock sale because the entire gain is taxed at the more favorable long-term capital gains rate. For an asset sale, (other than a C-Corp) a portion of the gains will be taxed at the less favorable income tax rates. In the example above, the seller’s tax liability for the machinery and equipment gain in an asset sale would be 40% of the $625,000 gain or $250,000. In a stock sale the tax liability for the same gain associated with the machinery and equipment is 20% of $625,000, or $125,000.

The form of the seller’s organization, for example C Corp, S Corp, or LLC are important to consider in a business sale. In a C Corp asset sale vs. an S Corp and LLC, the gains are subject to double taxation. In a C Corp sale the gain from the sale of assets is taxed at the corporate income tax rate. The remaining proceeds are distributed to the shareholders and the difference between the liquidation proceeds and the stockholder stock basis are taxed for a second time at the individual’s long-term capital gains rate.

The gains have been taxed twice reducing the individual’s after-tax proceeds. An S Corp or LLC sale results in gains being taxed only once using the tax profile of the individual stockholder. Below is a tax checklist:

Selling your business – tax consideration checklist:

1. Get good tax and legal counsel when you establish the initial form of your business – C Corp, S Corp, or LLC, etc.

2. If you establish a C Corp, retain ownership of all appreciating assets outside of the corporation (land and buildings, patents, trademarks, franchise rights). Note: in a C Corp sale, there are no long-term capital gains tax rates only corporate income tax rates. Long-term capital gains can only offset long-term capital losses. Personal assets sales can have favorable long-term capital gains treatment and you avoid double taxation for these assets with big gains.

3. Look first at the economics of the sales transaction and secondly at the tax structure.

4. Make sure your professional support team has deal making experience.

5. Before you take your business to the market, work with your professionals to understand your tax characteristics and how various deal structures will impact the after-tax sale proceeds. For example, a C-Corp stock sale at a lower purchase price could be much better than an asset sale at a higher price.

6. Before you complete your sales transaction work with a financial planning or tax planning professional to determine if there are strategies you can employ to defer or eliminate the payment of taxes.

7. Recognize that as a general rule your desire to “cash out” and receive all proceeds from your sale immediately will increase your tax liability.

8. Get your professionals involved early and keep them involved in analyzing various bids to determine your best offer. Know the impact prior to negotiating with your buyer because it is very difficult to change the deal at the eleventh hour due to your late discovery of the tax consequences.

Again, the purpose of this article was not to offer you tax advice (which I am not qualified to do). It was to alert you to the huge potential impact that the deal structure and taxes can have on the economics of your sales transaction and the importance of involving the right legal and tax professionals.